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Combined with its eel-like torso, this anatomical quirk tells us a lot about Basilosaurus' preferred hunting style. In the latter case, the heat exchange is used to reduce the temperature of the testes. Given its morphology, it appears that Indohyus is more aquatic than Hyemoschus and may have spent much of its life in water. Notice the similarities between hippos and whales. . Specimens courtesy of John Craighead George and the Barrow Whaling Captains Association, Diagram showing changes in the pelvis of Indohyus (RR 256) and cetaceans. J Pal. Form, function, and anatomy of Dorudon atrox (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Middle to Late Eocene of Egypt. The bony wall is broken in this specimen, showing the thickness of the wall (medial tympanic wall). The stream bed broke up into shallow pools most of the year, and water was only flowing during the rainy periods. In spite of this, cetaceans are mammals. The discovery of Ambulocetus showed that Fish's prediction is probably correct: limbs of Ambulocetus are proportionally similar to modern river otters (Thewissen and Fish 1997). From Digital Library of Dolphin Development coordinated and spearheaded by the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine we find the following images: In most mammals, the nose opening is located near the tip of the snout. Write each sum in sigma notation. In the earlier embryos, the hind limbs are present, but then they disappear as embryonic development continues. volume2,pages 272288 (2009)Cite this article. What is one way Scientists know that Maiacetus lived in the ocean? Usually, on cross section (Fig. Basilosaurus is one of the few fossil marine mammals for which preserved gut contents are known. 1997; Williams 1998; Geisler et al. Both are missing a de., Ray, C.E., and D.P. Llanocetus was a large animal with a 2 meter (6.5 foot) long head and a body length of perhaps 30 feet (9.1 meters). In Hippopotamus, for instance, the marrow cavity makes up 55% of the total thickness of the femur. The skeletons of Ambulocetus (top) and Pakicetus (bottom), J.G.M. Stable isotope data indicate that Ambulocetus lived in environments that were partly freshwater, possibly implying that they were near a river mouth (Roe et al. 25 and 26). The rete mirabile depends on countercurrent blood flow within the net (blood flowing in opposite directions.) That this evolutionary process is repeated in a way during ontogeny became obvious through external observations on embryos and fetuses (Kukenthal 1893). Gingerich PD, Smith BH, Simons EL. Skeletal evidence indicates that Basilosaurus could perceive the direction of origin for underwater sounds. Until recently, practically nothing was known about the morphogenetic processes concealed in this metamorphosis, about what cranial structures take part in it, and about the exact way in which the cetacean skull becomes transformed during embryogeny. A type of Basilosaurid ancient whale. Aslan A, Thewissen JGM. (1990) proposed. de., Ricqles, A. In: Miller DE, editor. 1st ed. The only known fossils dated to the Oligocene have been found in Peru and New Zealand. . Protocetids are usually found in near-shore marine deposits, often associated with carbonate platforms such as reefs (Williams 1998). 27). Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-basilosaurus-king-lizard-whale-1093325. Pakicetids are only known from a few sites in northern Pakistan and Western India, and these are approximately 50 million years old (middle Eocene). 1997;25:26177. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In all mammals, this bone, the astragalus or talus (Fig. Relative height of the mandibular foramen (mandibular foramen height divided by height of the mandible at the last tooth) in fossil cetaceans and modern odontocetes. A 147-g piece of metal has a density of 7.00 g/mL. Archaeocetes are important because they represent the earliest radiation of cetaceans and because they include the ancestors of the two modern suborders of cetaceans, the Mysticeti (baleen whales) and Odontoceti (toothed . Basilosaurids had flukes similar to those of modern whales, but they differed from living whales in having triangle-shaped teeth, small hind limbs, and an elongated body with an extended tail. 6 (RR 208). While hunting in these deep and murky waters, they use short, powerful, ultrasonic echolocation clicks to find, follow, and catch . Thewissen JGM, Williams EM, Hussain ST. Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan. We thank the Geological Survey of Pakistan for collaborating in collecting and studying Pakistani fossils and for logistic support, and Dr. S. Taseer Hussain for his leadership of the Howard University-Geological Survey of Pakistan project. For example, protocetids are diverse and many of them are poorly known, and the evolution of some organ systems (e.g., vision) is poorly understood (Thewissen and Nummela 2008). amphibian-like creatures f fish share a 1st ed. The emergence of whales: evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. In: Thewissen JGM, editor. Archaeocete whales have been found from early to middle Eocene (52-42 Ma) deposits in Africa and North America but are best known from Pakistan and India. How would you interpret these different sounds to her? So let's see. If Basilosaurus had positive buoyancy, it would be difficult for it to dive and swim effectively. Such a locality is called a bone bed, and it is not possible to determine which skull went with which other bones. Outlines indicate where specific fossils were buried, and the hammer provides a scale (image from Thewissen and Williams (2002), Annual Reviews), Four skulls of pakicetid cetaceans. 2001; Nummela et al. Although Richard Harlan came up with the name Basilosaurus, it was the famous English naturalist Richard Owen who recognized that this prehistoric creature was actually a whale. 2007. In all, there are four or five genera of remingtonocetids, characterized by a long snout, which makes up nearly two thirds of the length of the skull. ____ Do both have multi-chambered stomachs? reptile-like creatures In Artiocetus and Rodhocetus, the limbs are short; the hand had five fingers, and the foot had four toes, and the foot was much larger than the hand, somewhat similar to Ambulocetus. This is a clear indication that this prehistoric whale spent most of its life near the water's surface since its hollow backbone would have crumpled from the intense water pressure deep beneath the waves. Almost as soon as scientists realized that cetaceans had land ancestors, they tried to identify what the closest relatives of cetaceans were. However, it also seems possible that the hindlimbs had no clear function. Here, we report a small cetacean vertebra tentatively referred to as Neoceti from the late Eocene of Seymour Island. The bones of Indohyus were found high in the Himalaya mountains near the border between Pakistan and India. In modern cetaceans, this foramen carries, in addition to the nerves and blood vessels mentioned, a long pad of fat which connects the lower jaw to the middle ear and transmits underwater sounds. This is unlike modern (odontocete) cetaceans in which the teeth along the tooth row are all very similar (a condition called homodonty). Skull and skull fragments of four individuals of Indohyus. March 2, 2023. What is one way Scientists know that Maiacetus lived in the ocean? https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-basilosaurus-king-lizard-whale-1093325 (accessed March 4, 2023). and then the comments to load (may take many seconds). For instance, cetaceans and sirenians lack (nearly all) body hair, whereas pinnipeds have dense fur. The reduced connections, plus the development of air-filled sinuses around the middle ear, helped isolate the inner ear from bone-conducted sound waves. "Bone-Breaking Bite Force of, Gingerich P.D., Smith B.H., Simons E.L. (1990). Dolphins, pilot whales and sperm whales use echolocation clicks to hunt and subdue their prey. Composite skeletons of the pakicetid cetaceans Pakicetus (left) and Ichthyolestes (right). However, the rest of Basilosaurus hearing adaptations indicate it was fully marine, and thus any retention of adaptations for hearing airborne sound was probably vestigial. Article Based on the difference in time between the perception of a sound wave in each ear, Basilosaurus could likely determine the direction of origin of incoming sound. What is comparative anatomy? Thewissen JGM, Madar SI, Hussain ST. Ambulocetus natans, an Eocene cetacean (Mammalia) from Pakistan. A major part of the organ of balance consists of three circular tubes, arranged in three planes that are at right angles to each other (Fig. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/facts-about-basilosaurus-king-lizard-whale-1093325. ____ Do both have multi-chambered stomachs? This changed in the early 1990s, when paleontologists unearthed the first of a series of fossil cetaceans, mostly in India and Pakistan, documenting the transition from land to water in detail in the Eocene Period (which lasted from approximately 54 to 34 million years ago). 2002). 1893;27:291-335. The study of how organisms are related to each other is called phylogenetic inference, and hypotheses regarding phylogeny are indicated by a cladogram, a branching diagram that links more-and-more closely related groups as closer-and-closer branches. Many skeletons of Indohyus were washed together, and the bones are jumbled. Conclusive paleontological evidence shows the way in which the nasal openings were moved in the course of phylogeny (see Kellogg 1928; Slijper 1962; Gaskin 1976; Oelschlager 1978, 1987, 1990; Moore 1981). In spite of our advances in understanding of the pattern of cetacean origins, it remains unclear which process caused this pattern: Why did cetaceans enter the oceans? True or False: All living things on Earth are related? Buono M, Fordyce R.E., Marx F.G., Fernndez M.S. 2006). These differences indicate that the organisms share a common ancestor for . This could then lead to overstimulation of the semicircular canals, especially in acrobatic animals. Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) are an order of mammals that originated about 50 million years ago in the Eocene epoch. Edward Babinski has some good pages. Fish FE. 5 consists of bones of a number of different individuals. Uhen MD. In: Thewissen JGM, editor. In: Thewissen JGM, editor. In this photo we are looking down at the top of a basilosaurid skull. 2006) abound in some remingtonocetids, protocetids are usually found in clearer water deposits that are more exposed to wave action. This provides a small, but sufficient airspace to produce echolocating sound at astonishing depths of 2000 meters. Scientists are still trying to understand what exactly these differences mean, but they must have affected function of the animals in a major way. 2001b; Buchholtz 1998). 2007, 2004). The changing cetacean body plan during the first ten million years of cetacean evolution. However, sharks have gills for breathing, while whales and dolphins have lungs. 1997; Bajpai and Thewissen 1998; Gingerich et al. Gingerich PD, Arif M, Bhatti MA, Raza HA, Raza M. Protosiren and Babiacetus (Mammalia, Sirenia and Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan). Nummela S, Thewissen JGM, Bajpai S, Hussain ST, Kumar K. Sound transmission in archaic and modern whales: anatomical adaptations for underwater hearing. 2003;23:9916. A new study finds that toothed whales can make a range of vocalizations, including some akin to human 'vocal fry,' thanks to a special nasal structure. 1: Georgia's Oldest Fossils; Archaeocyathids, At 513 Million Years Old, 8: Suwannee Current, Gulf Trough, & Bridgeboro Limestone, 9: The Clayton Formation Report; By Hank Josey, 12: Basilosaurids; The First Modern Whales, 13: Ziggy and The Museum of Arts & Sciences, Macon, GA, 18: Miocene Epoch; 23.3 to 5.3 Million Years Ago, 19: Pliocene Epoch; 5.3 to 2.5 Million years Ago, 20: The Ice Ages; Pleistocene & Holocene Epochs, *NEW* 20K: Pleistocene Vertebrates from Coastal Georgia. Creationists have moved the goal posts to other questions which I will attempt to address as an addition to my original posting since they require graphics and comments do not allow for pictures to be included. 1990. Preliminary evaluation of Kuldana paleosols and implications for interpreting vertebrate fossil assemblages, Kuldana Formation, Northern Pakistan. Berkeley: Univ Calif Press; 2008. p. 333330. Although Basilosaurus was only officially named in the early 18th century, its fossils had been extant for decadesand were used by residents of the southeastern U.S. as andirons for fireplaces or foundation posts for houses. Thewissen). We will discuss these following the order of the cladogram. They lived during the middle to the early late Eocene and are known from all continents, including Antarctica. Comparing things that are similar and different. It is possible that it fed on water plants, but it is also possible that it came on land to feed on land plants, in a way similar to modern hippos. The African mouse deer (Hyemoschus aquaticus) lives on the forest floor of central Africa, feeding mostly on fruits and flowers. Protocetids such as Babiacetus have heavy jaws (Fig. 1999; Gatesy and O'Leary 2001). In other regards, these three groups are dissimilar. Fossil cetaceans are the pakicetid Ichthyolestes (red), the remingtonocetid Remingtonocetus (orange), the protocetid Indocetus (yellow), and the basilosaurid Dorudon (purple). 1st ed. Thewissen JGM, Williams EM. So share similar features such as body shape and the position of gilles finch. 23), suggesting that they hunted different prey. Reproductive biology and phylogeny of Cetacea. The reason for this reduction is not fully understood, but it is possible that the reduction is related to the emergence of an immobile neck (Spoor et al. Domning. Their molars differed greatly from those of protocetids and ambulocetids, there not being a central depression surrounded by three cusps in the upper molars (O'Leary and Uhen 1999). This thickened wall is called the involucrum and is present in all cetaceans, fossil and recent. Basilosaurinae was proposed as a subfamily containing two genera: Basilosaurus and Basiloterus. Google Scholar. The feet are much larger than the hands. Morphological support for a close relationship between hippos and whales. Gingerich, P.D., Smith, B.H., and E.L. Simons. But the animals, known as toothed whales, also produce other sounds for social . Their jaws were powerful,[9] with a dentition easily distinguishable from that of other archaeocetes: they lack upper third molars and the upper molars lack protocones, trigon basins, and lingual third roots. Bone histology of the archaeocetes (Mammalia: Cetacea). A disruption of the normal sequence of expression of genes that make these organs is responsible for this (Thewissen et al. From Land to Water: the Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12052-009-0135-2, http://www.neoucom.edu/audience/about/departments/anatomy/AnatFaculty/media, www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/ANAT/Thewissen/whale_origins/whales/Pakicetid.html, http://www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/ANAT/publ.html, http://www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/ANAT/Thewissen/whale_origins/index.html, www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/ANAT/Thewissen/whale_origins/whales/Remi.html, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. 1st ed. The first embryo is 6mm, the last one 17.5mm in length. 2009. The branching of the cetacean groups on this cladogram is consistent with most recent work (Thewissen et al. Such a diagram is called a cladogram. ______________________ The closest match, so far, of whale DNA to Madar SI. The tail made up as much as three-quarters of the total body length of Basilosaurus. The rocks in which these fossils are preserved indicate that the bones were buried in a freshwater stream. In 1845, a man named Albert Koch perpetrated one of the most notorious hoaxes in the history of paleontology, reassembling a bunch of Basilosaurus bones into a fraudulent "sea monster" named Hydrarchos ("ruler of the waves"). It would be reasonable to infer from this fact that Basilosaurus was native to North America exclusively, but fossil specimens of this whale have been discovered as far afield as Egypt and Jordan. In the late middle Eocene, around 41 million years ago, a new kind of cetacean emerged, the first one that resembles modern cetaceans: Basilosauridae (Uhen 1998). Good introductions to the evolutionary history of odontocetes and mysticetes have been published (Fordyce and Muizon 2001; Bianucci and Landini 2007). & Welsh R.C. List five independent nursing interventions that may help relieve B.T. The position of the eyes, osteosclerosis of the limb bones, sedimentological data, and stable isotope data are consistent, and all suggest that pakicetids were waders in shallow freshwater. From Land to Water: the Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises. While Indian localities suggestive of a muddy lagoon with abundant plant growth (Bajpai et al. Vestibular evidence for the evolution of aquatic behaviour in early cetaceans. the Basilosaurid whale? Locomotion: Although Basilosaurus has rudimentary hindlimbs, they were useless for any sort of terrestrial locomotion. Uhen, M.D. Basilosaurids are like most mammals in that there are only three phalanges per finger, whereas in modern cetaceans this number is commonly increased. When blood moves to the outer extremities, the blood is cooled due to heat exchange with the cold environment, however, when the blood returns, it flows close to the warm incoming blood flow and exchanges heat, causing the return blood to be warmed up. On the other hand, whereas the main propulsive organ of cetaceans and sirenians is the tail, sea lions swim with their forelimbs, and seals with their hind limbs. Basilosaurid genera are separated into four subfamilies: Dorudontinae, Basilosaurinae, Kekenodontinae, and Stromeriinae. The evolution of artiodactyls. The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Alabama, The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Alaska, 10 Facts About Elasmosaurus, Ancient Marine Reptile, Most Important Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Italy, The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Virginia, The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Washington. Astragali (bone of the ankle) of the raoellid Indohyus (RR 224), the pakicetid Pakicetus (H-GSP 98148), a modern pig (3/84), and a modern deer (2/93). Toothed whales can use vocal registers like humans to communicate and hunt. Anatomy: Basilosaurus looked vastly different from all modern whales and dolphins. This wear pattern has been correlated to fish eating (O'Leary and Uhen 1999). This affects the attachment of the masticatory muscles but also the path of the nerves going to eyes and nose. O'Leary MA, Uhen MD. A modern gray whale can emerge from the water, inhale and resubmerge without stopping or tilting its snout to breathe. 07 of 10 Basilosaurus Was the Inspiration for the Hydrarchos Fossil Hoax 0; Thewissen JGM, Fish FE. Most modern cetaceans have a relatively stiff neck, and it is likely that this reflex, if present at all, cannot stabilize the head because the neck is already relatively immobile. The hind limbs of basilosaurids were not connected to the rest of the skeleton and were likely too small to have assisted in swimming. Cetacea includes one of the largest species of animal ever, the blue whale (27m in length, 136,000kg) but also has some very small modern representatives, e.g., the vaquita (1.4m in length, 42kg). Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini, new Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a revised interpretation of ages of whale-bearing strata in the Khirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan). Modern whales emerge Mysticetes and Odontocetes (33-28 mya) The ancestors of toothed and baleen whales diverged as the world's climate rapidly cooled and opened up new opportunities for basilosaurid diets. The hind limbs of basilosaurids consisted of a femur (thighbone), a patella (kneecap), tibia and fibula, ankle bones, and toes. The time of origin of whales and the role of behavioral changes in the terrestrialaquatic transition. biogen senior engineer ii salary. However, unlike earlier, more primitive whales, many of the joints in the ankle and foot are fused and others have limited mobility. This cetacean is the first large-bodied macroraptorial dolphin and highlights widespread locomotor convergence between baleen and toothed whales. Size: Complete skeletons of Basilosaurus indicate that it measured at least 17 meters (56 feet) in length. . In the Northern Hemisphere, fossils of basilosaurids are abundant, while records in the Southern Hemisphere are scarce and, in some cases (i.e., Antarctica), doubtful. "Eocene Antarctica: a window into the earliest history of modern whales". Stromerius nidensis was described in 2007 and dated to the late Eocene of Egypt; it is the only species classified in subfamily Stromeriinae. Modern whales and dolphins are superbly adapted for marine life, with tail flukes being a key innovation shared by all extant species. In the forelimb, basilosaurids resemble modern cetaceans, in that their elbow joint is not separately mobile and their hand webbed with individual digits not recognizable (Uhen 2004). B.T., a 222222-year-old man who lives in a small mountain town in Colorado, is highly allergic to dust and pollen. The larger bones of the extremities of mammals are usually hollow, and the cavity in them is filled with bone marrow. In the second embryo, hind limbs have started to form, but their development ceases and they slowly disappear as the embryo grows (third and fourth embryos). In: Thewissen JGM, editor. 1998; Hulbert 1998). 2001; www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/ANAT/Thewissen/whale_origins/whales/Pakicetid.html). Fig 1. The emergence of whales: evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. Although not positioned at the tip of the snout like more primitive whales (e.g. 's symptoms. The transition from land to water is documented by a series of intermediate fossils, many of which are known from India and Pakistan. On the other hand, it is not clear what raoellids ate, and neither raoellid nor early cetacean dentitions have good modern analogs. This explains the unusual length and flexibility of Basilosaurus' front flippers, which retained their rudimentary elbows. 2006;26:35570. is started on 4L4 \mathrm{~L}4L oxygen by nasal cannula and an IV of D5W at 15mL/hr15 \mathrm{~mL} / \mathrm{hr}15mL/hr. The skull of Ambulocetus has a long snout, as evidenced by the long lower jaw (much of the upper jaw is not preserved). 2004;430:7768. Instead it is located further posterior on the snout, foreshadowing the formation of the blowhole of later whales (Fig. In most mammals, its walls are made of a bone called the ectotympanic, as is the case in artiodactyls and cetaceans. Molecular biology came to the rescue, identifying genetic similarities between cetaceans and artiodactyls (English: even-toed ungulates) that were not present in other mammals. Basilosaurus plied the world's seas during the late Eocene epoch, about 40 to 34 million years ago, at a time when many megafauna mammals (like the terrestrial predator Andrewsarchus) were endowed with giant sizes and comparatively small brains. 2006). J Anat Physiol. Am Zool. "Hind limbs of eocene, Philip D. Gingerich, Mohammed Sameh M. Antar und Iyad S. Zalmot: ", Last edited on 15 February 2023, at 14:32, "An enigmatic whale tooth from the Upper Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basilosauridae&oldid=1139511447, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 14:32. Sound waves passed into the fat pad through the thin bone of the lower jaw and then continued to the middle and inner ear. Copyright The Pandas Thumb and original authors Content provided under Creative Commons BY-NC-ND License 4.0. It is possible that these relatives are also closely related to hippopotamids, which would make molecular and morphological phylogenies consistent. _____________ ____________Mammals Fewer than ten fossils of ambulocetids have been discovered, but one of these is a relatively complete skeleton of Ambulocetus natans (Fig. In Eocene Basilosaurus-bearing fossil sites in Egypt, many fossils of the smaller basilosaurid Dorudon bear large puncture marks, which are potentially caused by the teeth of Basilosaurus. Sharks, whales, and dolphins share similar features such as body shape and the position of fins. Buchholtz EA. It exchanges heat, ions, or gases between vessel walls so that the two bloodstreams within the rete maintain a gradient with respect to temperature, or concentration of gases or solutes. 13). Gingerich PD, Arif M, Bhatti MA, Anwar M, Sanders WJ. Evolution and Development 9:278-289. Enfield: Science Publ; 2007. p. 3594. In development, the nose opening shifts from the tip of the snout (arrow in left embryo) to its position on top of the head. the middle of the snout. Nature. There are several recent reviews of the evolution of odontocetes and mysticetes (Fordyce and Muizon 2001; Bianucci and Landini 2007). 2006. 1990;229:1547. Am Mus Nov. 2005;3480:165. 2006;103:84148. 2007). They are more similar to a wolf with a long nose and tail (Thewissen et al. This suggests that Ambulocetus lived in water and was not a fast-moving predator. Eg: there's a stage of developement when dolphins and humans are looks the same. 1995b;29:291330. Raoellidae is one of the families of artiodactyls. At depths over 100m, whale lungs collapse to avoid compression sickness and are thus no good for air supply, and the remaining air is found in the nasal passages of the skull. The availability of rich new food sources has been proposed as a reason for the cetacean entry into the water, but this is unlikely, given that cetacean ancestors already lived in very shallow freshwater. This suggests the snout is only weakly attached to the skull. We dont have your requested question, but here is a suggested video that might help. Hind limbs of Eocene Basilosaurus: evidence of feet in whales. Eg: in Australia, which was the first island that had been isolated by oceans from the others, a great diversity of pouched mammals evolved, while on the rest of the continents placental evolved and diversified. Educator app for 1994, 1996; Madar et al. Little is known about the diet and feeding morphology of protocetid cetaceans, but, there too, variation appears to be common. a Outline ellipses and regression of body size (on x-axis, as 10-log in grams) against semicircular canal radius (on y-axis, as 10-log in mm) for modern land mammals (maroon) and modern cetaceans (blue). We review raoellid artiodactyls, as well as the earliest families of cetaceans: pakicetids, ambulocetids, remingtonocetids, protocetids, and basilosaurids. Such heavy bones are called osteosclerotic and are common in aquatic mammals that are waders or bottom walkers but not swimmers. To see the comment in context of the discussion click on the text that indicates how long ago the comment was posted, such as "2 hours ago". All modern Cetacea live in water and cannot survive out of the water. Secondary adaptation of tetrapods to life in water. By reading a z leveled books best pizza sauce at whole foods reading a z leveled books best pizza sauce at whole foods The kekenodontines consist of the single genus Kekenodon, which was only poorly known and is the only basilosaurid dating from the Oligocene Epoch.

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where is basilosaurid whales nasal opening

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