• Mar 19, 2023
• wilmington, nc obituaries

His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. - and that was only about 50% of the book, it was only about 50% interesting to me. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. 1517. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. Henry VII Facts, Information & Biography - Tudor Monarchs - English History [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". Up to a point, he succeeded. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. [17] Now supported by Francis II's prime minister, Pierre Landais, Richard III attempted to extradite Henry from Brittany, but Henry escaped to France. Thank you for subscribing. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. This is why he named the book the Winter King. The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 between Henry and representatives of Brittany. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads Together, they had seven children. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Martin Luther 95 thesis. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's reign What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. Henry was devastated. 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. (1): (April 24, 1883. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. Omissions? They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. Historians debate the extent of Henry's rapacity. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. It was no easy feat. Henry VII: Winter King - A Review and Rundown - The Anne Boleyn Files Henry needed an heir to secure his reign and fortunately an heir came quickly. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. Thus, the two warring houses were joined in marriage. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The union was both symbolic and necessary. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield. The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. I am glad to say that I think it does, for it concentrates on the reign, and court, of Henry VII, giving a different slant to the well known story. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. The king's own death seven years later had to be kept secret until his nervous entourage had ensured the succession. So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. [citation needed], However, his principal weapon was the Court of Star Chamber. Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. More wrote that this King is loved and compared Henrys accession to the coming of a new season, a new spring following a winter of repression. [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. An easy read? Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. Backdating Henry's Reign. Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. Otherwise, at the time of his father's arranging of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the future Henry VIII was too young to contract the marriage according to Canon Law and would be ineligible until age fourteen. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Henry VII - History Learning Site Henry VII: Winter King (TV Movie 2013) - IMDb Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Philip died shortly after the negotiations. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica Though this was not achieved during his reign, the marriage eventually led to the union of the English and Scottish crowns under Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, following the death of Henry's granddaughter Elizabeth I. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. [7] He came from an old, established Anglesey family that claimed descent from Cadwaladr, in legend, the last ancient British king,[8] and on occasion Henry displayed the red dragon of Cadwaladr. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. But definitely rewarding! Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. All the information is from Thomas Penn. By subscribing you confirm that you have read and agree to the Privacy Policy [opens in new window] and the Terms & Conditions [opens in new window].

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